Grand Jury
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Plain-English Meaning
A group of citizens who hear evidence presented by the prosecution and decide whether there is enough evidence to formally charge someone with a felony. Grand jury proceedings are secret. The standard is much lower than at trial — probable cause, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Legal Context
Under N.Y. CPL Article 190, a grand jury consists of 23 citizens. At least 12 must vote to indict. Only the prosecution presents evidence — the defendant has the right to testify but is not required to. Grand jury proceedings are secret; jurors, witnesses, and prosecutors are prohibited from disclosing what occurred. Grand juries can also issue reports and subpoenas. The grand jury acts as a check on prosecutorial overreach.
Real-Life Example
After a police-involved shooting, the DA convened a grand jury to hear evidence. Witnesses and the officer testified. After weeks of testimony, the grand jury voted not to indict, meaning they found insufficient probable cause to bring criminal charges against the officer.
Related Statutes
Related Terms
Source
Based on N.Y. CPL Article 190. Original B-Legal plain-language explanation.
N.Y. CPL Article 190
Definitions are simplified for education. Legal meanings vary by jurisdiction, context, and case facts. This definition is original B-Legal content and is not affiliated with or derived from any proprietary legal dictionary.